This paper seeks to establish the extent of displacement effects across gaming products. This is a particularly difficult question to address with precision. To date, many studies have looked at policy changes such as the introduction of a new product into the market to assess the severity of displacement effects. However, simple before and after comparisons are invalid. One needs to know what the appropriate counterfactual would have been in the absence of the policy change - which by its very nature is unobservable. The alternative is to look at identical populations exposed to different regimes. Australia represents such a natural experiment. In Australia, Betting and Gaming legislation is determined at the state level, giving rise to some interesting differentials across states within a single country. This paper estimates a state level (fixed effects) panel data model, exploiting the intra-state differences in the portfolio of gaming products available, to estimate the extent of displacement effects across the gaming sector. The results are particularly relevant to the current UK policy debate which is focused on the potential impact on the existing market following a forthcoming, radical deregulation of the industry (with further liberalisation proposed).
展开▼
机译:iExport Australia-为出口商提供以下服务的在线平台/应用程序:出口电子商务出口拍卖在线与服务提供商进行出口相关的服务请求和投标与服务提供商的集成与货运和货运的报价集成到政府机构和海关/边境的在线文件和电子提交澳大利亚– EDI / Web Services与GS1集成在一起,用于对出口工作台进行编号和条形码编码,以管理每个出口的所有与出口,交货和银行有关的任务出口相关的潜在客户和联系人管理出口市场AI和工具